Special Features of Canadian Tax System — Canada

Registered Retirement Savings Plan: contributions are tax-deductible, investments grow tax-deferred, withdrawals are taxed as income. 18% of earned income or dollar limit. Unused room carries forward. Contribution deadline: first 60 days of following year.

Tax-Free Savings Account: contributions are not deductible but all growth and withdrawals are completely tax-free. Cumulative room since 2009: $109,000. Withdrawn amounts get re-added to contribution room the following year.

First Home Savings Account: combines RRSP-style deductions with TFSA-style tax-free withdrawals for a first home purchase. Must open account to start accumulating room. Unused room carries forward (max $8,000).

Registered Education Savings Plan: government adds 20% Canada Education Savings Grant (up to $500/year per child, $7,200 lifetime). Growth is tax-deferred. Withdrawals for education taxed in student's hands at low rate.

Nunavut has the lowest bottom provincial rate. Alberta has a flat 8% on first $60,000 (new for 2026). Combined federal-provincial rates at lowest brackets range from ~18% to ~27%.

Quebec has the highest provincial rates but also generous deductions and credits. Nova Scotia also reaches 21% at top. Combined federal-provincial top rates range from ~44% (Nunavut) to ~54% (Quebec/Nova Scotia).

Quebec administers its own income tax system via Revenu Québec. Residents file separate federal and provincial returns. Uses the Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) instead of CPP. Different deductions and credits.

Tax-free monthly payment per child under 18. Up to $7,787/year (under 6) or $6,570 (ages 6-17) per child in 2026. Income-tested phase-out. Recalculated annually in July based on prior year's return.

Standard: 12 months at 55% of earnings (max ~$695/week). Extended: 18 months at 33%. Shareable between parents. Minimum 600 insured hours to qualify. Quebec has its own parental insurance plan.

Tax-free quarterly payment to help low/moderate income families offset GST. Up to $356/adult, $188/child in 2026. Must file tax return to receive. Based on family net income.

Unlike many countries, Canada assesses residency based on residential ties (home, spouse, dependents, bank accounts, driver's licence) rather than simply counting days. You can be resident even if physically absent for extended periods.

Canadian citizens living and working permanently abroad are generally not Canadian tax residents. No obligation to file or pay Canadian tax if all residential ties are severed (unlike US citizens).

When you cease to be a Canadian resident, most capital property is deemed sold at fair market value. Capital gains tax applies to any unrealized gains. RRSPs and some other property excluded from deemed disposition.